THE FIRST GOVERNMENT OF SIAM AND THE 1932 CONSTITUTION

Abstract

This academic article aims to study the concepts and policies of the first government of Siam established in 1932 in relation to the 1932 Constitution. The study is based on both primary and secondary sources. Findings reveal that the first government formed after the Siamese revolution 1932 was established under Thailand’s first constitution, which sought to lay the foundation for a democratic regime to replace the absolute monarchy. The Constitution limited the powers of the monarchy and transferred sovereignty to the people under the principle that “sovereign power belongs to the people.” The formation of this government involved compromise with the old power elite. Although the People’s Party (Khana Ratsadon) played a key role in initiating political change, it was unable to fully control state power. The government under the 1932 Constitution introduced six core national development principles: independence, security, economy, equality, liberty, and education—intended to foster a democratic and equitable society with long-term stability. However, administrative challenges under this constitution persisted due to structural limitations and the continued influence of conservative forces, thereby hindering the progress of democratization and resulting in ongoing political conflict.