Cybersecurity in the Era of Globalization: Policies and Countermeasures of Thailand

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the concept of cybersecurity within the field of political science, linking traditional security, non-traditional security, and cybersecurity theories to the phenomenon of globalization, which has reshaped state power structures and vulnerabilities. The study finds that cyber threats affect not only technical and economic domains but also state authority and sovereignty, originating from other states, non-state actors, or transnational criminal networks. Notable examples include the global WannaCry ransomware attack and cyber incidents in Thailand, such as attacks on hospitals and banking systems. Theoretical analysis indicates that the frameworks of Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism help explain strategies for cyber defense, international cooperation, and the establishment of global cybersecurity norms. In the Thai context, the government enacted the Cybersecurity Act B.E. 2562 (2019) to establish mechanisms and measures to protect critical infrastructure and national security. Policy implementation reflects the effort to balance state security with the protection of civil liberties. The study underscores that cybersecurity in the era of globalization presents both policy and political challenges, requiring Thailand to develop comprehensive measures encompassing power, regulatory frameworks, and international cooperation to achieve resilient and secure cyberspace.