Development and Efficiency Analysis of an Instructional Package in Basic NC Programming for Vocational Certificate Students through the Integration of Experiential Teaching and Competency-Based Education (CBE)

Kitsanapol Rungpisaln — 2026-02-11

This study aimed to develop and evaluate an instructional package for the Basic NC Programming course (Course Code: 20102–2009) for vocational certificate students in the Machine Shop program, based on the Vocational Certificate Curriculum B.E. 2019 The development was intended to address low learning achievement and the lack of high-quality and up-to-date instructional media that adequately reflect real industrial practices. The instructional package was designed using a Competency-Based Education (CBE) framework, with an emphasis on essential 21st-century skills, including analytical thinking, information technology integration, and learning through hands-on practice. The instructional package was evaluated by five experts and implemented with a sample of 30 vocational students. Research instruments included a quality evaluation form, pre- and post-achievement tests, worksheets, and a learner satisfaction questionnaire. The expert evaluation results indicated that the instructional package was of high quality ( = 4.42, SD = 0.72). The instructional efficiency met the established criterion, with an E1/E2 value of 80.96/81.45, exceeding the 80/80 benchmark. The effectiveness index (E.I.) was 0.6584, indicating that students’ knowledge increased by 65.84% of the total content. In addition, post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores at the 0.05 level, demonstrating the effectiveness of the instructional package in enhancing students’ knowledge, understanding, and practical skills. Learner satisfaction was rated at a high level ( = 4.23, SD = 0.32), particularly regarding instructional media and learning activities that enhanced engagement, motivation, and active participation. Overall, the results indicate that the developed instructional package possesses high quality and effectiveness in improving learning achievement, strengthening vocational skills, and fostering analytical thinking. Moreover, it effectively responds to practical instructional needs in vocational and machine shop education. The findings suggest that this instructional package has strong potential as a guideline for future instructional media development to support the production of competent vocational workforce aligned with the demands of Industry 4.0.

The Development of an Embedded Systems and Internet of Things Training Kit using Raspberry Pi Pico W for Practical Learning for Information Technology Students.

Tharit Chaimongkhol — 2026-02-12

The objectives of this research were to 1) develop and evaluate the quality of an Embedded Systems and Internet of Things (IoT) training kit using Raspberry Pi Pico W for practical learning of Information Technology students, 2) test the efficiency of the training kit according to the standard criterion E1/E2 = 75/75, and 3) compare the learning achievement of students before and after using the training kit. The sample group consisted of 24 second-year Higher Vocational Certificate students from an institution under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, selected via convenience sampling. The research employed a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research instruments included the training kit, worksheets, and a learning achievement test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a t-test for dependent samples.

The results revealed that 1) The training kit had quality as evaluated by experts at the highest level ( = 4.63, SD = 0.41). 2) The efficiency of the training kit (E1/E2) was 75.15/76.63, which was higher than the specified criterion. and 3) The post-learning achievement was significantly higher than the pre-learning achievement at the .05 level (t(23) = 15.32, p < .001), with a mean difference of 10.45 points (95% CI [9.04, 11.86]) and a very large effect size (Cohen’s d_(z) = 3.13). The research results indicate that the training kit, which integrates learning modules onto a single platform, helps reduce hardware complexity. This results in learners being able to focus on programming and problem-solving more efficiently, making it suitable for practical learning management.

Journal of Technical and Engineering Education

Development and Efficiency Analysis of an Instructional Package in Basic NC Programming for Vocational Certificate Students through the Integration of Experiential Teaching and Competency-Based Education (CBE)

The Development of an Embedded Systems and Internet of Things Training Kit using Raspberry Pi Pico W for Practical Learning for Information Technology Students.